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Neonatal Respiratory System A Neonate's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex, and color are assessed using the Apgar scale between one and five minutes after birth. These scores are then added up to get the most possible score, 10 (normal). The Apgar score of seven or below indicates a neonate is not breathing properly. The neonate has cyanosis in the hands and feet, a condition called acrocyanosis.Neonatal careNeonatal care is the specialty of a newborn intensive care unit (NICU). NICUs focus on the immediate health and well-being of premature and ill newborn infants. The first 28 days of life are considered "neonatal," and newborns born in these conditions need intensive care. Neonatal care has been in existence since the 1960s. The first neonatal care unit was opened in 1960. Today, neonatal intensive care units provide specialized care for the smallest members of society, and they are often the first to receive treatment.Respiratory systemThe respiratory system of the neonate is one of the most complex organ systems of the newborn. Physiologically, it is composed of many parts and can be characterized by a number of methods. In order to understand the functioning of the respiratory system in neonates, we must know what each of the parts of the system does. Here are some of the ways that we can identify and analyze these parts:Placental circulationNeonatal placental circulation is different from adult placental circulation. Its blood vessels pass through the umbilical cord and placenta, bypassing the lungs and liver, and are vital for oxygenation of the developing fetus. The rate of fetal heartbeat is approximately 110 to 160 beats per minute. The placental circulation in neonates is dependent on the fetal heart rate.Skin, eyes and mucocutaneous disease (SEM)Neonatal skin infections are very common. They affect the forehead, chin, neck, and buttocks. They are usually harmless and clear up within 2 days, but in some infants, deep red papules may develop. A secondary bacterial infection may also occur, requiring treatment with antiseptics. This article will provide you with a general overview of neonatal skin infections.Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in neonatesThe initial treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates involves keeping the infant warm and giving the child oxygen through small prongs placed in the nostrils. Doctors may also insert needles into the infant's veins to administer antibiotics or feed the child. While simple measures can help to raise the baby's blood oxygen level, more advanced treatment is usually required to reduce the likelihood of serious complications.Preterm and term neonatal resuscitationIn preterm and term infants, neonatal resuscitation, a specialized process that involves the administration of medications to maintain an infant's life, is crucial for their survival. The goal of neonatal resuscitation is to return the neonate to a normal state of blood pressure, heart rate, and capillary refill time. The first parameters of resuscitation include the capillary refill time, heart rate, and blood oxygenation. The golden hour approach emphasizes the use of gentle interventions and non-invasive procedures and is based on the latest research.Early skin-to-skin contact in lower and middle income countriesThe practice of early skin-to-skin contact with newborns may reduce the risk of infant mortality by up to 25 per cent in low-income countries. However, widespread resistance to skin-to-skin contact has made implementation of this intervention difficult, particularly in low-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that skin-to-skin contact should be initiated as soon as the baby is stable enough to be touched.
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